At age 10, Obama returned to Hawaii to live with his maternal grandparents. He attended the Punahou School, an elite private school where, as he wrote in his memoir, Dreams from My Father , he first began to understand the tensions inherent in his mixed racial background.
After two years at Occidental College in Los Angeles, he transferred to Columbia University in New York City, from which he graduated in with a degree in political science. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School in Despite tight Republican control during his years in the state senate, Obama was able to build support among both Democrats and Republicans in drafting legislation on ethics and health care reform.
He helped create a state earned-income tax credit that benefited the working poor, promoted subsidies for early childhood education programs and worked with law enforcement officials to require the videotaping of interrogations and confessions in all capital cases. Re-elected in and again in , Obama also ran unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary for the U. House of Representatives seat held by the popular four-term incumbent Bobby Rush.
As a state senator, Obama notably went on record as an early opponent of President George W. When Republican Peter Fitzgerald announced that he would vacate his U.
Senate seat in after only one term, Obama decided to run. He won 52 percent of the vote in the Democratic primary, defeating both multimillionaire businessman Blair Hull and Illinois Comptroller Daniel Hynes. After his original Republican opponent in the general election, Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race, the former presidential candidate Alan Keyes stepped in.
It put the relatively unknown, young senator in the national spotlight. Senate since Reconstruction. During his tenure, Obama notably focused on issues of nuclear non-proliferation and the health threat posed by avian flu. He partnered with another Republican, Senator Richard Lugar of Indiana , on a bill that expanded efforts to destroy weapons of mass destruction in Eastern Europe and Russia.
In August , Obama traveled to Kenya, where thousands of people lined the streets to welcome him. He published his second book, The Audacity of Hope , in October On February 10, , Obama formally announced his candidacy for president of the United States.
A victory in the Iowa primary made him a viable challenger to the early frontrunner, the former first lady and current New York Senator Hillary Clinton , whom he outlasted in a grueling primary campaign to claim the Democratic nomination in early June Obama chose Joseph R. Biden Jr. Biden had been a U. They worked to bring new voters—many of them young or Black, both demographics they believed favored Obama—to become involved in the election. With several weeks remaining, most polls showed Obama as the frontrunner.
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United States: Transaction Publishers, pp ISBN, Martin, J. Abingdon: Routledge. Obama, B New York: Crown Publishing. Plouffe, D New York: Penguin Group. In September , the United States and China, the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, announced that their countries would ratify the Paris Agreement.
One month later on October 5, , the United Nations announced that the agreement had been ratified by a sufficient number of countries to allow it to take effect starting on November 4, Speaking from the Rose Garden at the White House, Obama said: "Today, the world meets the moment, and if we follow through on the commitments that this Paris Agreement embodies, history may well judge it as a turning point for our planet. With his decision, the United States joined Syria and Nicaragua as the only three countries to reject the accord.
And we will start to renegotiate and we'll see if there's a better deal. If we can, great. If we can't, that's fine. I believe the United States of America should be at the front of the pack.
During his presidency, Obama filled two seats in the Supreme Court: Sonia Sotomayor confirmed in and Elena Kagan confirmed in Both justices were confirmed under a Democratic-majority Senate.
Court of Appeals chief judge Merrick Garland as his nominee for the Supreme Court seat vacated with the unexpected death of conservative stalwart Antonin Scalia. They stated their intention to block any nominee put forward by Obama, fearing that such a confirmation would tip the balance toward a more liberal-leaning court. I hope that our senators will do their jobs, and move quickly to consider my nominee.
On December 14, , nearly one month after Obama's re-election, the nation endured one of its most tragic school shootings to date when 20 children and six adults were shot to death at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Two days after the attack, Obama delivered a speech at an interfaith vigil for the victims in Newtown and discussed the need for change in order to make schools safer while alluding to implementing stricter gun-control measures.
We can't accept events like these as routine. Are we really prepared to say that we're powerless in the face of such carnage, that the politics are too hard? Obama achieved a major legislative victory on January 1, , when the Republican-controlled House of Representatives approved a bipartisan agreement on tax increases and spending cuts, in an effort to avoid the looming fiscal cliff crisis the Senate voted in favor of the bill earlier that day.
Prior to the bill's passage, in late , tense negotiations between Republicans and Democrats over spending cuts and tax increases became a bitter political battle until Vice President Joe Biden managed to hammer out a deal with Republican Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell.
Obama pledged to sign the bill into law. Terrorist bombings of the Boston Marathon on April 15, , killed three people and left more than injured. At a memorial service in Boston three days after the bombings, he told the wounded, "Your country is with you.
We will all be with you as you learn to stand and walk and, yes, run again. Of that I have no doubt. You will run again. In the face of cruelty, we will choose compassion. In the same month, Obama also found his efforts for gun-control measures thwarted in Congress. He had supported legislation calling for universal background checks on all gun purchases and a ban on sales of assault weapons and high-capacity magazines.
In early January Obama held a press conference to announce a new series of executive orders related to gun control. Citing examples such as the mass shooting at Sandy Hook elementary school, the president shed tears as he called on Congress and the gun lobby to work with him to make the country safer. His measures, which were met with vehement opposition from members of both the Republican and Democratic Parties, as well as gun advocacy groups such as the NRA, would have implemented more thorough background checks for gun buyers, stricter government oversight and enforcement of gun laws, better information sharing regarding mental health issues as related to gun ownership and investment in gun safety technology.
On January 27, , Obama delivered his first State of the Union speech. During his oration, Obama addressed the challenges of the economy, proposed a fee for larger banks, announced a possible freeze on government spending in the following fiscal year and spoke against the Supreme Court's reversal of a law capping campaign finance spending.
Obama also challenged politicians to stop thinking of re-election and start making positive changes. He criticized Republicans for their refusal to support legislation and chastised Democrats for not pushing hard enough to get legislation passed. He also insisted that, despite obstacles, he was determined to help American citizens through the nation's current domestic difficulties.
I don't quit," he said. In his State of the Union address, Obama declared that the nation was out of recession. He went on to share his vision for ways to improve the nation through free community college programs and middle-class tax breaks. With Democrats outnumbered by Republicans in both the House and the Senate, Obama threatened to use his executive power to prevent any tinkering by the opposition on his existing policies. On January 12, , Obama delivered what would be his final State of the Union address.
But Obama also took the opportunity to tout his accomplishments, citing the Affordable Care Act, diplomatic progress with Iran and Cuba, the legalization of gay marriage and profound economic recovery as among them. On January 10, , Obama returned to his adopted home city of Chicago to deliver his farewell address. In his speech, Obama spoke about his early days in Chicago and his continued faith in the power of Americans who participate in their democracy.
The president went on to address the accomplishments of his administration. You were the change. Obama also expressed his commitment to the peaceful transfer of power to President-Elect Donald Trump and called on politicians and American citizens to come together despite their differences. But they knew that democracy does require a basic sense of solidarity — the idea that for all our outward differences, we are all in this together; that we rise or fall as one.
All of us have more work to do. After all, if every economic issue is framed as a struggle between a hardworking white middle class and undeserving minorities, then workers of all shades will be left fighting for scraps while the wealthy withdraw further into their private enclaves. Hearts must change. In a tearful moment, Obama addressed his wife, Michelle, and then spoke about being the proud father of his daughters, Malia and Sasha, and expressed his gratitude for Vice President Biden.
I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change — but in yours. On January 19, , Obama's last full day in office, he announced commutations for nonviolent drug offenders. The presidents granted a total of 1, clemencies, including commuting the sentence of Chelsea Manning , the U.
Army intelligence analyst who was sentenced to 35 years in prison for leaking classified information to WikLeaks. He shared these parting words at his last press conference with the White House press corps. I believe that people are more good than bad. I believe tragic things happen. I think there's evil in the world, but I think at the end of the day, if we work hard and if we're true to those things in us that feel true and feel right, that the world gets a little better each time.
That's what this presidency has tried to be about. And I see that in the young people I've worked with. I couldn't be prouder of them. It is true that behind closed doors, I curse more than I do publicly We just have to fight for it, we have to work for it and not take it for granted and I know that you will help us do that. Both rendered by African American artists, Kehinde Wiley's work featured Barack in a chair surrounded by greenery and symbolic flowers, while Amy Sherald depicted the former first lady in a flowing dress, gazing back at viewers from a sea of blue.
In March, The New York Times reported that Barack and Michelle were in advanced negotiations with Netflix to create exclusive content for the streaming service through their production company, Higher Ground. Sources familiar with the discussions said that the former president and first lady were interested in producing shows that highlight inspirational stories. The multi-year deal was later finalized in May. Obama have always believed in the power of storytelling to inspire," said an adviser.
As they consider their future personal plans, they continue to explore new ways to help others tell and share their stories. The fruits of the Obama-Netflix collaboration first appeared with the August release of American Factory , an Oscar-winning documentary about the launch of a Chinese-owned automotive glass factory in Dayton, Ohio, and the clash of differing cultures and business interests. These include withdrawing from the Iran nuclear deal; backtracking on the loosening of travel restrictions to Cuba; attempting to abolish the Affordable Care Act by repealing the individual mandate; overriding Obama's Clean Air Act; and pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement.
The order banned immigrants from Iraq, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia and Yemen for at least 90 days, and temporarily suspended the entry of refugees for days. As a result, immigrants and refugees from predominantly Muslim countries traveling to the U.
Obama's office released a statement in which a spokesman said that "The President fundamentally disagrees with the notion of discriminating against individuals because of their faith or religion. The statement also underscored Obama's support of American citizens getting involved in the country's democracy: "President Obama is heartened by the level of engagement taking place in communities around the country. Citizens exercising their constitutional right to assemble, organize and have their voices heard by their elected officials is exactly what we expect to see when American values are at stake.
In fall , journalists took note of his seeming swipe at Trump with his "think before you tweet" comment. A few days later, at a private event in Paris, the former president noted that more women should be promoted to positions of power as men "seem to be having some problems these days.
Because first of all, you are used to dealing with folks who can sometimes be unreasonable. You are accustomed to having to deal with the realities in front of you and take action, not just talk about it. Decrying Trump's methods without mentioning him by name, Obama warned of the ascendancy of "strongman politics" and the lack of fact-based arguments in political discourse.
Underscoring his belief in "Nelson Mandela's vision," he urged his audience to maintain hope in the face of troubling times. After remaining quiet for much of the presidential campaign cycle, Obama came forward with his endorsement of Biden in April as the country reeled from the coronavirus pandemic. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
Michelle Obama is a lawyer, writer and the wife of former U. President Barack Obama. Prior to her role as first lady, she was a lawyer, Chicago city administrator and community-outreach worker.
Sasha Obama is the younger daughter of former U. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama. Malia Obama is the older daughter of former U. Joe Biden is the president of the United States. He also served as Barack Obama's vice president from Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal led the nation through the Great Depression. Elected to four terms, his presidency helped ensure victory in World War II. Shirley Chisholm became the first African American congresswoman in Four years later, she became the first major-party Black candidate to make a bid for the U.
When Hillary Clinton was elected to the U. Senate in , she became the first American first lady to win a public office seat. In , she became the first woman in U. Vladimir Putin served as president of Russia from to and was re-elected to the presidency in
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