Here is the definition of a "hop": docs. However, you can normally start with the contact entity and remain there by referencing related entities as nested groups. In each case, you hop from entity to entity by using a relationship. As with rows and groups, you can add a related entity using the Add button. Well, I checked with our dev team and also myself on the trial tenant - there are no such limits. UHF - Header.
Dynamics Marketing Forum. SBX - Heading. Helpful resources. SBX - Ask Questions. Community Forums. Ask a question. Personalize your experience! Personalized Community is here! Quickly customize your community to find the content you seek. A modulating circuit performs data modulation of the encoded data through the use of, for example, frequency shift keying FSK or a phase shift keying PSK. A mixer mixes the modulated signals with a frequency output from a frequency synthesizer A transmit circuit amplifies the mixed signals at selected power transmission levels.
A duplexer is a switching circuit for switching between the transmitting side and the receiving side. An antenna transmits and receives signals including data packets and control data. A receive circuit selectively amplifies filtered signals of a specific frequency, received via antenna and duplexer A mixer mixes outputs of a synthesizer and outputs of receive circuit A spreading code control unit controls synthesizer via frequency selection signals and timing signals to output a selected frequency.
Synchronous circuit performs a synchronizing and holding operation of the hopping frequencies in the same manner as synchronous circuit 9 shown in FIG. Synchronous circuit outputs synchronizing signals to spreading code control unit so as to provide a suitable timing for frequency synthesizer to change its output frequency e.
A demodulating circuit demodulates mixed data from synthesizer and the received outputs from receive circuit A decoding circuit performs data expansion of the received encoded data, analyzes the received data to detect for the occurrence or non-occurrence of error signals, and informs spreading code control unit of the occurrence or non-occurrence of reception errors.
Spreading code control includes a spreading series code generating circuit not shown that selects frequencies according to a spreading code, e. Spreading code control unit includes an update error counter arrangement, shown and described below with reference to FIG.
Spreading code control unit stores the error values into an accessible memory storage device e. Spreading code control unit also changes or updates the frequency hopping pattern by replacing or substituting a particular used segment with an unused segment, when the error value of the particular used segment reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold. Such a sequence of operations will be described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS.
Moreover, spreading code control unit transmits control data for controlling the overall communication process, analyzes control data received from another communicating party e. The term transmitting unit will hereafter refer to coding circuit , modulating circuit , mixer , transmit circuit , duplexer and antenna The term receive unit will hereafter refer to antenna , duplexer , receive circuit , mixer , synchronous circuit , demodulating circuit and decoding circuit An operational example of a transmit operation performed by communication subsystem is provided below.
Data communication control unit receives data to be transmitted to another party and modifies the data into packet sizes suitable for transmission.
The modified data is then encoded by coding circuit and modulated by modulating circuit Synthesizer synthesizes and outputs an appropriate hopping frequency of a used segment according to spreading codes from spreading code control unit Mixer then mixes the modulated data from modulating circuit with the appropriate hopping frequency from synthesizer Thereafter, transmit circuit amplifies the mixed data at a selected power transmission level from a range of power levels.
The amplified data is then transmitted over the appropriate hopping frequency via duplexer and antenna An operational example of a receive operation by communication subsystem is provided below. Antenna receives signals including data packets from another party, which are input into receive circuit , via duplexer Receive circuit selectively amplifies filtered signals from a particular frequency, specifically the current hopping frequency in the hopping pattern.
Spreading code control unit controls synthesizer to output a selected frequency, namely the current hopping frequency, according to a segment hopping pattern.
Mixer mixes the amplified signals from receive circuit with the selected frequency from synthesizer to perform an inverse spreading operation. If the hopping frequencies of corresponding used segments are synchronized via synchronous circuit , spreading code control unit controls demodulating circuit to modulate the inversely spread output from mixer into binary data.
The binary data are input into decoding circuit , which decodes the binary data and detects for the occurrence or non-occurrence of a reception error over the current hopping frequency of a current used segment in the hopping pattern.
Thereafter, spreading code control unit modifies an error value associated with the current used segment according to the occurrence or non-occurrence of a reception error in the received data. In the event the error value reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold, spreading code control unit replaces the current used segment with an unused segment, in accordance with the link improvement method of the present invention. Thereafter, the decoded data are composed in data communication control unit composes the decoded data to obtain the original data transmitted from the other party.
Update apparatus modifies e. For an incrementing operation, update apparatus includes a multiplexer MUX that receives a penalty value and an increment value Increment value is a number that is added to the error value of a used segment, when a reception error has occurred over a hopping frequency of the used segment and the reception error has not been identified as part of a predefined reception error occurrence pattern, such as the first occurrence of a reception error for the used segment.
Penalty value is a number that is added to the error value of a used segment, when a reception error has been identified for the used segment and the reception error is part of a predefined reception error occurrence pattern e.
An error identifier identifies a particular error occurrence pattern and selects an appropriate output from MUX , such as the penalty value or the increment value. The output of MUX is added to an error value that is maintained in segment error counter of a current used segment if an error indicator e. It is preferred that the present invention employs at least one segment error counter for each used segment, although only one counter is shown in FIG.
For a decrementing operation, update apparatus employs a multiplexer MUX that receives a null value e. A decrement value is a number that is subtracted from the error values of any used segment that experiences no reception errors since a previous decrement update process. MUX outputs the decrement value if no reception error has occurred over the current segment since the last full cycle update indication generally denoted by reference numeral and one full hopping cycle has elapsed generally denoted by reference numeral Otherwise, MUX outputs a null value.
The output of MUX is subtracted from the error value of segment error counter , via a subtracter Referring again to FIG. Comparator compares the error value with the threshold value for a current segment and triggers a segment replacement process or operation if the error value is greater than or equal to the threshold value The segment replacement process is described in detail further below with reference to FIG. Since FH communication systems may vary as to their sensitivity towards reception error occurrences, it has been discovered that the values for the above described operating parameters e.
There is provided below a few examples of the parameter relationships that may be suitably employed depending on the particular FH communication system. Accordingly, the above parameters may be adjusted in varying relations to each other to provide varying levels of sensitivity as to the replacement of segments due to reception errors. Moreover, additional parameters, other than increment, penalty and decrement values, may also be incorporated to represent a type of error or the occurrence of a particular event, which may require the error value to be incremented or decremented by a suitable value.
For instance, another input can be added to MUX to decrement the error value by an amount greater than the decrement value if no reception error has occurred after two or more complete cycles for the current used segment. The system parameters, such as increment, decrement, penalty and threshold, are initialized Step The segment error counters of each used segment are also initialized to a default error value, such as zero e.
N-1 Step Communication subsystem FIG. Subsystem then initiates the segment replacement process with the other party, which is shown and described with regard to FIG.
Thereafter, subsystem determines whether all hopping frequencies in all used segments have been visited at least once, e. If one hopping cycle has elapsed, subsystem modifies the error value of each used segment S in which no reception error has occurred by subtracting a decrement value from their error values e. If so, subsystem initiates the segment replacement process with the other party, which is described further below with reference to FIG.
In either case, subsystem then determines whether all hopping frequencies in all used segments have been visited at least one, e. The process begins by locating a candidate segment for replacement, e. If no candidate is found, subsystem FIG. If so, subsystem transmits signals to the other party indicating an acknowledgement of receipt of the request to replace segment S ERROR. The process is then terminated at Step Returning again to Step , if no request has been received from the other party, subsystem attempts to locate a candidate segment for replacement Step Thereafter, subsystem checks whether a reply has been received from the other party acknowledging receipt of the request to modify the hopping pattern.
Returning to Step , if no request has been received from the other party e. If not, the process returns to Step where subsystem retransmits a signal e. Otherwise, the process goes to Step , and , as described above. Turning to a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an FH communication subsystem FIG. In this embodiment, subsystem employs an independent power transmission level for each used segment to perform FH communication with a receiving-side FH communication party e.
The transmitting-side apparatus transmits signals, such as data packets, according to a spreading code of used segments as described above and signal strength indications RSSI for each used segment, to a receiving-side apparatus The RSSI indicates the current reception power level at which data packets are being received over a used segment. The receiving-side apparatus tracks the occurrence or non-occurrence of reception errors for each used segment at the indicated reception power levels or signal strengths and notifies the transmitting-side apparatus to modify the transmission power level for the used segments accordingly.
For instance, the receiving-side apparatus notifies the transmitting-side apparatus to decrease the transmission power level for a particular used segment when no reception error has occurred for the particular used segment at the current transmission power level, or to increase the transmission power level for the particular used segment when a reception error has occurred for the particular used segment at the current transmission power level.
FH communication can then be resumed with the modified transmission power level for the particular used segment. Through the exchange of transmission power level information according to detected reception errors, an optimal transmission power level for a particular used segment can be achieved by the FH communication system. That is, the receiving-side party notifies the transmitting-side party to adjust e. The optimum transmission power level is the minimum transmission power level at which the particular used segment may be transmitted without the occurrence of reception errors.
Such an arrangement minimizes power consumption, reduces the possibility of communication interference with FH or other communication devices, and increases data security by minimizing the transmission zone of the data packets. Such an arrangement further provides an error detection and correction implementation, which responds quickly in the event of communication interference e. Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus and method thereof for optimizing transmission power levels in an FH communication system to be described with reference to FIGS.
Turning to a more detailed description of the second embodiment, FIG. FH communications are performed, in this example, with a hopping pattern of five used segments in the following manner: segment No. Each used segment is transmitted at a transmission power level independent of other used segments, via transmit circuit FIG.
For example, segment S 0 is transmitted at a power level of 3; segment S 2 is transmitted at a power level of 3; segment S 5 is transmitted at a power level of 1; segment S 6 is transmitted at a power level of 0; and segment S 7 is transmitted at a power level of 1.
Note that the values shown in FIG. Trace illustrates the unused segments of the available spectrum. Such an arrangement allows subsystem to track the occurrence or non-occurrence of reception errors over the used segments at various transmission power levels and to notify the other party to adjust the transmission power levels accordingly.
Through the exchange of information, an optimal transmission power level for each used segment is achieved in the FH communication system. It should be understood that each segment preferably has associated therewith a register bank from a plurality of register banks as generally shown in FIG.
Although it is preferred that a register bank is employed to store the minimum RSSI value and the maximum value as discussed above, the present invention may employ other arrangements for performing the same. Receive circuit receives signals from another party, via antenna and duplexer FIG.
The signals may include a data packet and control data, such as a RSSI indication, a request to change the transmission power level of a used segment, and so forth. The RSSI indication indicates a reception signal strength of the received packet. A digital receiver checks the received data packet to determine the occurrence or non-occurrence of a reception error, and may take the form of a decoding circuit of FIG.
The RSSI indication in digital form is then outputted to a switching circuit , which outputs the RSSI indication either to comparator or comparator , depending on whether digital receiver has detected the occurrence of a reception error over a current used segment. In particular, switching circuit outputs the RSSI indication to comparator if digital receiver outputs an error reception indication e.
Initially, RSSI registers and for each used segment are reset to a default power level value, e. Communication subsystem then obtains a received signal strength indication RSSI for the reception e. Subsystem then determines whether a reception error has occurred Step Subsystem then determines whether a request for transmission power level change was generated Step Subsystem determines whether a power level change request needs to be generated for any used segment Step If so, subsystem transmits a signal to the other communicating party indicating a request for transmission power level change that includes the particular used segment requiring the change and the power level P or any other signal for accomplishing the same.
Thereafter, the process is terminated at Step If a power level change request does not need to be generated for any used segment, subsystem checks whether a power level change request was transmitted from the other party Step If not, subsystem checks again whether a power level change request needs to be generated for any used segment Step Otherwise, subsystem changes the local transmission power level for a used segment to a power level P according to the received request.
In summary, the first embodiment of the present invention provides an FH communication apparatus and method thereof for dividing an available spectrum of frequencies into a plurality of segments. Each segment includes a subset of the frequencies, preferably a contiguous subset of the frequencies. FH communication is thus performed using a subset of the segments, e.
The present invention further provides an FH communication apparatus and method thereof for substituting a used segment having an error value greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold with an unused segment. The second embodiment of the present invention provides an FH communication apparatus and method thereof for automatically controlling the power transmission levels for each used segment by determining an optimal transmission power level for each used segment and notifying the other communicating party to transmit data packets according to the determined optimal transmission power levels.
More specifically, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a receiving-side party notifies the transmitting-side party to adjust e. Accordingly, such an arrangement reduces power consumption of the FH system, minimizes the possibility of interfering with neighboring communication devices, and increases data security by minimizing the reception zone of the data packets. The invention having thus been described with particular reference to the preferred forms thereof, it will be obvious that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is: 1. A method for performing frequency hopping communication with another party over an available spectrum of frequencies, the spectrum being arranged into a plurality of segments, each of the segments comprising a subset of the available spectrum including multiple possible hopping frequencies, the method comprising the steps of: a receiving data over a sequence of hopping frequencies, each of the hopping frequencies being part of one or more used segment s from the plurality of segments,.
The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step b modifies the error value by an amount determined according to a type of the error. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the error is not part of a predefined error occurrence pattern, the step b incrementing the error value by a first amount. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the error is part of a predefined error occurrence pattern, the step b incrementing the error value by a second amount which is greater than the first amount.
The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of decrementing the error value of the erred segment by a third amount, when no error has been identified for the erred segment in a predetermined period. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the predetermined period is one hopping cycle.
The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each segment of the plurality of segments includes an identical number of frequencies. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each segment corresponds to a contiguous subset of possible hopping frequencies within the available spectrum.
A frequency hopping communication apparatus for performing frequency hopping communication with another party over an available spectrum of frequencies, the spectrum being arranged into a plurality of segments, each segment comprising a subset of available spectrum including multiple possible hopping frequencies, the apparatus comprising: communication means for communicating with another party, said communication means receiving data over a sequence of hopping frequencies from the another party, each of the hopping frequencies being part of one or more used segment s from the plurality of segments;.
The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein the processing means modifies the error value of the erred segment according to a type of the identified error. The apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein the processing means increments the error value by a first amount when the error is not part of a predefined error occurrence pattern. The apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the processing means increments the error value by a second amount when the error is part of a predefined error occurrence pattern, said second amount being greater than said first amount.
The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said processing means decrements the error value by a third amount when no error has been determined for the used segment in a predetermined period.
The apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein said predetermined period is one hopping cycle. The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein each segment includes an identical number of frequencies. The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein each segment corresponds to a contiguous subset of possible hopping frequencies of the available spectrum. Frequency hopping communication method and apparatus for modifying frequency hopping sequence in accordance with counted errors. USA en. USB1 en.
Method and system for avoiding bad frequency subsets in a frequency hopping cordless telephone system. Frequency channel selection method for frequency hopping radio communications system using evaluation of available channel transmission qualities.
Qualification, selection of frequency channels for adaptive frequency hopping involves setting PLL to respective channel end frequencies for field strength measurement within measurement time slice.
System and method for minimizing the loss of information in cordless communications. System and method for asymmetric enhanced mode operation in a digital communication system. Method and apparatus for performing channel assessment in a wireless communication system.
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