Sometimes, when groundwater is over-exploited, the soil collapses, compacts, and sinks. This depends on various factors, such as the type of soil, soil compressibility, physical attributes of the aquifer, water table levels and earth geology. It is most often caused by anthropogenic activities, mainly from the excess removal of subsurface water. Saltwater intrusion is the major cause and threat to contamination of fresh groundwater supplies.
Available volume of water in the aquifers is not fresh water; much of the very deep groundwater and water below seas is saline. Under natural conditions the boundary between the freshwater and saltwater tends to be relatively stable while under excessive pumping conditions it may result saltwater to migrate inland and rising upward and it leads to contamination of the water supply.
There are following advantages of artificial recharging of groundwater aquifers: Subsurface storage space is available free of cost and inundation is avoided. It has no adverse social impacts such as displacement of population, loss of scarce agricultural land etc. It is a environment friendly technology that controls soil erosion and flood like situations, and provides sufficient soil moisture during dry spell or water deficit conditions.
The artificial groundwater recharge technology can be broadly categorized as follows [ 6 ]. Except above, water conservation structures like dams, sub-surface dykes or locally termed as Bandharas are entirely prevalent to capture sub-surface flows. Similarly, in hard surface areas rock fracturing strategies such as sectional blasting of boreholes with suitable techniques has been operated to inter-connect the fractures and gear up the groundwater recharge.
Cement sealing of fractures, through specially built borewell has been utilized in the state of Maharashtra to preserve sub-surface flow and increase borewell yield [ 7 ].
This method of groundwater recharge is very simple and most widely used. Under this method stored surface water is directly conveys into an aquifer without infiltration and water percolates naturally through the unsaturated zones of soil profile and join the groundwater table.
This is a very common method of groundwater recharge Figure 1 [ 8 ]. This is This method is suitable for relatively flat topography. Water spreading technique. A percolation tank can be defined as an artificially created surface water body in a highly permeable land submerged area so that the surface runoff is made to percolate and recharge the groundwater storage Figure 2 [ 9 ].
It is the most prevalent structures in India because it is used to measure the recharge the groundwater reservoir in highly permeable land areas. Its efficacy and feasibility is more in hard rock formation regions than alluvial regions. Percolation tank for water storage. It is feasible to construct across small streams having gentle slope less than 6 percent [ 6 ].
It is mainly confined to stream course and its height is normally very less less than 2 m. To harness the maximum run off in the stream, series of such check dams can be constructed Figure 3. Check dam for surface water harvesting. This technology is mainly suitable in areas of irregular topography, shallow and flat bottomed and closely spaced furrows or ditches that provide more surface area under groundwater recharge through canal, river, stream and so on.
This requires fewer earthworks and also less sensitive to siltation. It is suitable in alluvial as well as hard rock areas having depth upto 50 meters Figure 4 [ 10 ]. The ground water reservoir, storm water, tank water, canal water etc. Ordinary dug wells, borewell and tube wells can be used for recharging of gw recharge takes place by gravity flow. Water Resources.
Artificial Groundwater Recharge. Take the quiz. Rapid Infiltration Unique ways to put fresh water back into the ground Read more. Science Center Objects Overview Related Science Publications Software News FAQ Groundwater levels are declining across the country as our withdrawals exceed the rate of aquifers to naturally replenish themselves, called recharge. Filter Total Items: 2. Year Select Year Apply Filter. Date published: October 24, Contacts: David O'Leary.
Attribution: California Water Science Center. Contacts: Michelle Sneed. Filter Total Items: 8. Year Published: Feasibility and potential effects of the proposed Amargosa Creek Recharge Project, Palmdale, California Historically, the city of Palmdale and vicinity have relied on groundwater as the primary source of water, owing, in large part, to the scarcity of surface water in the region. Christensen, Allen H. View Citation. Christensen, A. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report —, 48 p.
Year Published: Implications of rate-limited mass transfer for aquifer storage and recovery Pressure to decrease reliance on surface water storage has led to increased interest in aquifer storage and recovery ASR systems. Culkin, Sean L. Attribution: Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program. Reese, Ronald S. Galloway, Devin L. Year Published: U. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April , , Sacramento, California No abstract available.
There is also growing interest in recharging aquifers by applying extra irrigation water to croplands, or by spreading water on fallowed fields and natural landscapes. Supply sources include local floodwaters, surface water imported from other regions, and recycled water. Groundwater banks can make underground storage available for various parties.
While many local recharge projects do not track who benefits from the recharged water, groundwater banks recharge and store water on behalf of specific parties—both local and distant. These banks require formal accounting systems to keep track of balances, which decline during dry times as members withdraw water, and increase during wet times as water is deposited.
Today, most groundwater banks are in Kern County and Southern California, in areas with good recharge conditions and access to conveyance infrastructure. But there is potential for banking to grow. Groundwater banking is an important tool for managing droughts. Recharge can help bring basins into balance and increase resilience to climate change. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act SGMA , which requires local water users to bring groundwater use to sustainable levels by the s, has spurred widespread interest in expanding recharge.
You are here Home. Increase groundwater recharge. Stormwater runoff is causing communities to lose valuable water that could be used or stored. Consider installing green infrastructure like rain gardens, planter boxes, and permeable pavement on your property. Green infrastructure approaches use vegetation, soils, and other elements to restore groundwater recharge rates by allowing stormwater to soak into the ground as it would before human development.
0コメント